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Fernandina Beach, Florida
Fernandina Beach is a city in Nassau County in the state of Florida in the United States of America, on Amelia Island. It is among Florida's northernmost cities, and is one of the principal municipalities comprising Greater Jacksonville. The area was first inhabited by the Timucuan Indian tribe. Known as the "Isle of 8 Flags", it has had the flags of the following nations flown over it since 1562: France, Spain, Great Britain, Spain (again), the Patriots of Amelia Island, the Green Cross of Florida, Mexico, the Confederate States of America, and the United States. It is the only municipality in the United States that has flown eight different national flags.
According to the 2010 census, the city population was 11,487. It is the seat of Nassau County.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕
==History==
Prior to the arrival of Europeans on what is now Amelia Island, the site of the original town of Fernandina was occupied by Native Americans. Circa 1000, native American bands associated with the Timucuan mound-building culture settled on the island, which they called Napoyca. They remained on Napoyca until the early 18th century. In 1736, James Oglethorpe, the governor of Georgia, ordered construction of Fort Amelia at the mouth of the St. Marys River to house the Scottish Highlanders garrisoned there. The American naturalist William Bartram visited Amelia Island in 1776 and noted the presence of several very large tumuli, or earthwork mounds, which British colonists called "Ogeechee mounts". The French, English, and Spanish had all maintained a presence on the island at various times during the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, but the Spanish established the first permanent European settlement at Fernandina after the exchange of flags in 1784. During later colonial times the site gained military importance because of its deep harbor and its strategic location near the northern boundary of Spanish Florida. On January 1, 1811, the town of Fernandina, which was about a mile from the present city, was named in honor of King Ferdinand VII of Spain by the governor of the Spanish province of East Florida, Enrique White. On May 10 of the same year, Fernandina became the last town platted under the Laws of the Indies in the Western hemisphere. The town was intended as a bulwark against U.S. territorial expansion. In the following years, it was captured and recaptured by a succession of renegades and privateers. The proclamation of the Adams-Onis Treaty on February 22, 1821, two years after its signing in 1819, officially transferred Spain's territories in Florida, including Amelia Island, to the United States.
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